API Penetration Testing

REST, GraphQL, and gRPC tested by operators who read your specification and then ignore it. Authorization first, because that is where APIs actually fail.
Contact us
Definition

What is API penetration testing?

Authorized testing of your APIs as an attacker uses them, which is not how your documentation describes them. The defining characteristic of API security is that the vulnerabilities are rarely technical flaws in the traditional sense. They are authorization decisions the server failed to make. An endpoint that returns any record whose identifier you supply is working exactly as written and is also a full data breach. Scanners struggle here because there is no malformed payload to detect and no error to flag; a successful attack looks like a valid, well-formed, authenticated request for someone else's data. Finding it requires a human who understands what the object should mean and who is allowed to see it.

Services

What does an API penetration test cover?

Object-level authorization (BOLA)
Authentication and tokens
Function-level authorization
Business logic and workflow abuse
GraphQL and gRPC specifics
Shadow and undocumented endpoints

Object-level authorization (BOLA)

The number one API risk and the one we find most often. We authenticate as one tenant and systematically attempt to read, modify, and delete objects belonging to another, across every endpoint rather than a sample. Identifiers get substituted, enumerated, and inferred. A single unguarded endpoint that leaks the full user base is routinely a Critical finding, because business impact rather than payload complexity determines severity.

Authentication and tokens

JWT signature validation and algorithm confusion, token expiry that is advisory rather than enforced, refresh token handling, session invalidation on password change and offboarding, and OAuth flow implementation. We attempt forgery deliberately, and when your implementation correctly rejects it we say so in the report, because knowing which controls held is as useful as knowing which failed.

Function-level authorization

Whether a standard user can invoke administrative functions by calling them directly. The pattern is consistent: the user interface hides the button, so the endpoint behind it was never given its own check. We test privileged operations from unprivileged sessions, including the internal and support tooling that often shares an API surface with customer-facing routes.

Business logic and workflow abuse

The category no tool finds, because nothing is technically broken. Steps skipped in a multi-stage flow, negative quantities, currency and rounding manipulation, race conditions on balance or inventory operations, replaying a completed transaction, and mass assignment of fields the client was never meant to set. These findings tend to map directly to revenue, which is why executives read them first.

GraphQL and gRPC specifics

GraphQL brings its own surface: introspection left enabled in production, deeply nested queries that exhaust resources, batching used to bypass rate limits and brute-force protections, and field-level authorization that is enforced inconsistently across resolvers. For gRPC we work from the proto definitions and test reflection exposure, streaming behaviour, and whether interceptors apply authorization uniformly.

Shadow and undocumented endpoints

The specification describes the API you meant to ship. We also find the one you did: deprecated versions still routing traffic, debug and internal endpoints reachable from outside, older API versions left running after a migration, and routes present in a JavaScript bundle but absent from the docs. Old versions are frequently the weakest surface because the authorization improvements only landed in the current one.

Our approach

Our approach

01

Start from the specification, then leave it

We ingest your OpenAPI, GraphQL schema, or proto files for coverage, then discover what they omit by working through client bundles, mobile binaries, and traffic. Testing only the documented surface is the most common reason an API test comes back clean and a breach happens anyway.

02

Test with multiple identities

Authorization flaws are invisible with one account. We ask for at least two tenants and two privilege levels, then attempt every cross-boundary combination. A test performed with a single set of credentials cannot find the highest-severity class of API vulnerability, and any proposal that does not request multiple identities is not really testing authorization.

03

Separate authentication from authorization

These fail differently and get remediated by different teams, so we never blur them in a report. Broken authentication is usually one fix in one place. Broken authorization is usually a pattern repeated across dozens of endpoints, and reporting it as a single finding understates the work required.

04

Retest on every contract change

APIs change faster than anything else you own, so annual testing fits them worst. In our continuous program a specification diff triggers testing of what changed, which is how you catch the endpoint that shipped without its authorization decorator in the same sprint it was written.

contact us

Is your API authorization actually enforced?

Tell BD Emerson your endpoint count, whether you are REST, GraphQL, or gRPC, and how many tenant types exist, and we will scope it.

Our Advantage

Why BD Emerson for API testing

Authorization is the whole job

Most API test reports are thin because the tester ran a scanner against a specification with one token. We work multi-tenant and multi-privilege from the start, systematically rather than by sampling, because that is the only way the highest-severity findings surface.

Whole-codebase review, not sampling

Where you grant source access, we review the entire API layer rather than a sample, using self-hosted models inside an isolated lab so your code never transits a third-party API. Operators validate every candidate before it becomes a finding.

Findings your developers can fix

Each finding carries the request that proves it, a CVSS v3.1 vector, the OWASP API Top 10 and CWE mapping, and a specific fix rather than a link to a standard. Where a flaw is a pattern across endpoints, we say so, so the fix addresses the pattern instead of one route.

Reviews

What our customers say

Great consulting firms for scaling security, compliance, and appsec.

Outstanding partner in Technical and Cyber Due Diligence

Appsec maturity and application hardening.

BD Emerson helped us simplfiy our compliance management.

BD Emerson did such a phenomenal job. What started as privacy support quickly became a full partnership across compliance, engineering, and even business operations. They’re embedded with our team. They understand our product. They move fast. They’re simply invaluable.

Adam Ben Jacobs

CTO @ OneStep GPS

Great consulting firms for scaling security, compliance, and appsec.

Outstanding partner in Technical and Cyber Due Diligence

Appsec maturity and application hardening.

BD Emerson helped us simplfiy our compliance management.

BD Emerson did such a phenomenal job. What started as privacy support quickly became a full partnership across compliance, engineering, and even business operations. They’re embedded with our team. They understand our product. They move fast. They’re simply invaluable.

Adam Ben Jacobs

CTO @ OneStep GPS

We had a hard time finding the right company to partner with in support of our compliance journey. Some vendors sell the idea that they do the work, but then you end up doing everything. The ambiguity is what killed our last project. BD Emerson’s team has such great technical knowledge and understands the standard so well that they made us comfortable with moving fast. This has led to us closing major enterprise customers that were previously out of reach because of security and compliance.

Tom Watkins

CEO @ AMI AssetTrack

Lead an enterprise initiative to overhaul the organization's technology stack from ecommerce, corporate tech, and corporate security.

Supported ISO 42001 exercise and served as internal auditor.

Rubrik's privacy and compliance team began with the backbone of BD Emerson. BD Emerson supported building out the privacy program, GRC (ISO 27001, SOC 2, CMMC, FedRAMP), and the appsec function.

We needed a partner who could move quickly, without sacrificing precision. BD Emerson brought the expertise, structure, and speed we were looking for. Their team became an extension of ours, embedding themselves across the organization, guiding us step by step, and giving us confidence in areas we hadn’t tackled before. The internal audit they conducted was so detailed that even the external auditors called it out. Achieving ISO 27001 with zero nonconformities says everything you need to know about the quality of the partnership.

Walid Souilem

CTO @ FGI Worldwide

We had a hard time finding the right company to partner with in support of our compliance journey. Some vendors sell the idea that they do the work, but then you end up doing everything. The ambiguity is what killed our last project. BD Emerson’s team has such great technical knowledge and understands the standard so well that they made us comfortable with moving fast. This has led to us closing major enterprise customers that were previously out of reach because of security and compliance.

Tom Watkins

CEO @ AMI AssetTrack

Lead an enterprise initiative to overhaul the organization's technology stack from ecommerce, corporate tech, and corporate security.

Supported ISO 42001 exercise and served as internal auditor.

Rubrik's privacy and compliance team began with the backbone of BD Emerson. BD Emerson supported building out the privacy program, GRC (ISO 27001, SOC 2, CMMC, FedRAMP), and the appsec function.

We needed a partner who could move quickly, without sacrificing precision. BD Emerson brought the expertise, structure, and speed we were looking for. Their team became an extension of ours, embedding themselves across the organization, guiding us step by step, and giving us confidence in areas we hadn’t tackled before. The internal audit they conducted was so detailed that even the external auditors called it out. Achieving ISO 27001 with zero nonconformities says everything you need to know about the quality of the partnership.

Walid Souilem

CTO @ FGI Worldwide

BD Emerson didn’t just help us meet our compliance goals; they integrated security and privacy into the core of our operations. I highly recommend BD Emerson to anyone seeking SOC 2 or GDPR compliance, or simply looking to enhance their security team and boost customer trust in their product and services. Their dedication and expertise have been invaluable to our success.

Padraig Reilly

CEO, Boxcore

BD Emerson understood our business requirements and worked side-by-side with us. The policies and controls we developed together not only meet compliance standards but improve how we operate day to day.

Matt Meierdierks

IT Manager, Lincoln Industries

From day one, BD Emerson brought urgency, clarity, and a sharp understanding of what truly matters to our business — earning and keeping customer trust. They went beyond helping us meet compliance requirements; they helped build a foundation for secure, scalable growth. That kind of partnership is rare.

Jason Marker

CEO @ LifeLenz

BD Emerson didn’t just help us pass an audit—they helped us build a sustainable culture of security.

Alexey Indeev

CTO Spare

BD Emerson was essential in helping our company navigate the daunting process of leveling up our security infrastructure. BD Emerson’s impressive expertise and confidence throughout the process helped our team exceed HIPAA and SOC 2 Type 1 standards quickly, distilling what can be an overwhelming process into a streamlined, organized effort. From day one they began adding value and getting us on course. With their help we delivered on a massive security overhaul with both extreme efficiency and thorough attention to details. Because of BD Emerson’s support, we’ve increased our clients’ trust in Titan Intake and the life-changing work it accomplishes for those seeking specialist referrals.

Patrick Bruce

CEO, Titan Intake

BD Emerson didn’t just help us meet our compliance goals; they integrated security and privacy into the core of our operations. I highly recommend BD Emerson to anyone seeking SOC 2 or GDPR compliance, or simply looking to enhance their security team and boost customer trust in their product and services. Their dedication and expertise have been invaluable to our success.

Padraig Reilly

CEO, Boxcore

BD Emerson understood our business requirements and worked side-by-side with us. The policies and controls we developed together not only meet compliance standards but improve how we operate day to day.

Matt Meierdierks

IT Manager, Lincoln Industries

From day one, BD Emerson brought urgency, clarity, and a sharp understanding of what truly matters to our business — earning and keeping customer trust. They went beyond helping us meet compliance requirements; they helped build a foundation for secure, scalable growth. That kind of partnership is rare.

Jason Marker

CEO @ LifeLenz

BD Emerson didn’t just help us pass an audit—they helped us build a sustainable culture of security.

Alexey Indeev

CTO Spare

BD Emerson was essential in helping our company navigate the daunting process of leveling up our security infrastructure. BD Emerson’s impressive expertise and confidence throughout the process helped our team exceed HIPAA and SOC 2 Type 1 standards quickly, distilling what can be an overwhelming process into a streamlined, organized effort. From day one they began adding value and getting us on course. With their help we delivered on a massive security overhaul with both extreme efficiency and thorough attention to details. Because of BD Emerson’s support, we’ve increased our clients’ trust in Titan Intake and the life-changing work it accomplishes for those seeking specialist referrals.

Patrick Bruce

CEO, Titan Intake

Certificates

Our accreditations

At BD Emerson, we believe that our team's extensive certifications not only set us apart but also ensure that we provide the highest level of service to our clients.
FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Why can't a scanner find API vulnerabilities?

What do you need from us to start?

Do you test GraphQL differently?

Production or staging?

How often should APIs be tested?

Do you follow the OWASP API Security Top 10?

What does the report contain?

Blog

Related Articles

Insights on strategy, transactions, technology, security, and compliance from BD Emerson's practitioners